2 网络通信

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2.1 iOS-HTTP通信

2.1.1 同步加载网络数据

说明：介绍两种方式

  • NSString提供的构造器
  • NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest方法（iOS 9中已过时）
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import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
        loadJKPageByNSString()
    }
    
    /**
     同步方式请求极客学院首页（通过 NSString）
     */
    func loadJKPageByNSString() -> () {
        do {
            let str = try NSString(contentsOfURL: NSURL(string: "http://jikexueyuan.com")!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
            
            let data = NSData(contentsOfURL: NSURL(string: "http://jikexueyuan.com")!)

            print(str)
            print(data)
        }
        catch {
            print("无法连接网络")
        }
    }
    
    /**
     同步方式请求极客学院首页（通过 NSURLConnection）
     */
    func loadJKPageByNSURLConnection() -> () {
        do {
            var resp:NSURLResponse?
            let data = try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://hikexueyuan.com")!), returningResponse: &resp)

            print(resp)
            print(data)
        }
        catch {
            print("无法连接网络")
        }
    }
}

2.2.2 异步加载网络数据

说明：NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest（在iOS9 中过时）

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import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
        loadJKPage()
    }

    func loadJKPage() -> () {
        NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://jikexueyuan.com")!), queue: NSOperationQueue()) {(resp:NSURLResponse?, data:NSData?, error:NSError?) -> Void in
            if let e = error {
                print("请求失败:\(e)")
            }
            else {
                print(NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding))
            }
        }
    }
}

2.2.3 搭建J2E集成开发环境

2.2.3.1 安装 Apache Tomcat

下载 Apache Tomcat：http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi

Alt text

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$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local
$ mv ~/Downloads/apache-tomcat-8.0.33 /usr/local
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.33 /Library/Tomcat8
$ chown -R  tonyearth /Library/Tomcat8
$ sudo chown -R  tonyearth /Library/Tomcat8/bin/*.sh

2.2.3.2 安装 Tomcat Controller

下载 Tomcat Controller：http://tomcat-controller.en.softonic.com/mac/download#downloading

2.2.3.3 安装 eclispe

下载eclipse：http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

创建Dynamic Web Project
  1. 开始创建新项目
    Alt text|300x150
  2. New Runtime
    Alt text|300x200
  3. 选择前面安装好的 Tomecat8 的安装目录
    Alt text|300x120
  4. 创建 JSP文件 测试
    Alt text|300x200

2.2.4 通过GET/POST方式与服务器通信

2.2.4.1 后端

Alt text|200x200

returnParas.jsp

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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String name = request.getParameter("name");
if (name != null) {
	out.print("Hello " + name);
}
else {
	out.print("No Args");
}
%>

2.2.4.2 客户端

注意：下面请求使用的API在iOS9中已过时
技巧：网络请求交给子线程而不是主线程处理，不占用主线程的资源，从而不带来界面卡顿的问题
Alt text|300x200

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import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet weak var textInput: UITextField!// 输入请求参数
    @IBOutlet weak var textShow: UITextView!// 展示请求会的结果
    // 发送请求
    @IBAction func btnRequestPressed(sender: AnyObject) {
        testGet()
    }
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
    }
    
    /**
     发送 get 请求
     */
    func testGet()-> () {
        let name = textInput.text!
        // 创建一个线程发起请求，不占用主线程的资源
        NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://localhost:8080/MyServer/returnParas.jsp?name=\(name)")!), queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler: {
            (resp:NSURLResponse?, data:NSData?, error:NSError?) -> () in
            if let d = data {
                // 交给主线程处理
                dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), {
                    () -> Void in
                    // self.textShow 是主线程的控件，因此必须在主线程中处理
                    self.textShow.text = NSString(data: d, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)! as String
                })
            }
        })
    }
    
    /**
     发送post请求
     */
    func testPost()->() {
        let name = textInput.text!
        // 创建并设置请求
        let req = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://localhost:8080/MyServer/returnParas.jsp")!)
        req.HTTPMethod = "POST"
        req.HTTPBody = NSString(string: "name=\(name)").dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
        
        // 发起请求
        NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(req, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler: {
            (resp:NSURLResponse?, data:NSData?, error:NSError?) -> () in
            if let d = data {
                dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), {
                    self.textShow.text = NSString(data: d, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)! as String
                })
            }
        })
    }
}